Canker sores are round or ovoid open sores inside the mouth or upper throat. They occur on the inner cheeks, the soft palate, the under surface of the tongue, floor of the mouth and the upper throat. Canker sores can also occur on genitals and on a few internal organs in some rare cases.
Canker sores are always painful and are not contagious. Canker sores may lead to difficulties in speaking, eating or swallowing and may negatively affect patients' quality of life. Some people suffering from canker sores experience prodromal symptoms such as tingling or swelling 24h to 48h before the onset of canker sores.
or recurring canker sores are designated as recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS) or recurrent aphthous ulcers. Recurrent aphthous stomatitis are usually classified into three categories :
| Type of RAS | Symptoms | Duration |
| Minor aphthae | 1 to 5 canker sores with diameter of 1 to 10 mm | 7 to 14 days |
| Major aphthae | 1 to 10 canker sores with diameter of more than 1 cm | 10 to 30 days |
| Herpetiform ulcers | 5 to 100 canker sores with diameters of 1-3 mm, all of which tend to fuse, forming a large canker sore | 7 to 14 days |
Minor aphthae represent 75% to 85% of all recurring aphthous stomatitis cases, major aphthae 10% to 15% and herpetiform ulcers 5% to 10%1.